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Research in Microbiology Feb 1990
Review
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Humans; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Phagocytosis; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 2111924
DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(90)90035-o -
Research in Microbiology 1996
Review
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Clarithromycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; In Vitro Techniques; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; Ribosomal Proteins; Streptomycin
PubMed: 8761724
DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)80205-1 -
International Journal of Infectious... 1998Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) infection is a common complication of advanced HIV disease, and is an independent predictor of mortality. The clinical... (Review)
Review
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) infection is a common complication of advanced HIV disease, and is an independent predictor of mortality. The clinical features of DMAC infection are fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, anemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase. The diagnosis is made by blood cultures; clinical diagnosis is unreliable. Chemoprophylaxis of DMAC infection with azithromycin is recommended when the CD4 lymphocyte count is below 50 cells/mm3. Established DMAC infection is treated with clarithromycin plus ethambutol, unless the isolate is macrolide-resistant, in which case the optimal therapy is uncertain. Highly active antiretroviral therapy is important in both prevention and treatment of DMAC infection.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Antitubercular Agents; Azithromycin; Child; Clarithromycin; Ethambutol; Humans; Lymphocyte Count; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection
PubMed: 9831675
DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(98)90094-7 -
The European Respiratory Journal Mar 2017
Topics: Humans; Lung Diseases; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Sputum
PubMed: 28275180
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00110-2017 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Mar 2019Attention to environmental sources of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a vital component of disease prevention and control. We investigated MAC...
Attention to environmental sources of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a vital component of disease prevention and control. We investigated MAC colonization of household plumbing in suburban Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. We used variable-number tandem-repeat genotyping and whole-genome sequencing with core genome single-nucleotide variant analysis to compare M. avium from household plumbing biofilms with M. avium isolates from patient respiratory specimens. M. avium was recovered from 30 (81.1%) of 37 households, including 19 (90.5%) of 21 M. avium patient households. For 11 (52.4%) of 21 patients with M. avium disease, isolates recovered from their respiratory and household samples were of the same genotype. Within the same community, 18 (85.7%) of 21 M. avium respiratory isolates genotypically matched household plumbing isolates. Six predominant genotypes were recovered across multiple households and respiratory specimens. M. avium colonizing municipal water and household plumbing may be a substantial source of MAC pulmonary infection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Environmental Microbiology; Female; Genotype; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minisatellite Repeats; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Philadelphia; Phylogeny; Public Health Surveillance; Water Microbiology; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 30789130
DOI: 10.3201/eid2503.180336 -
Protein Science : a Publication of the... Sep 2019Lon protease is evolutionarily conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotic organelles. The primary function of Lon is to selectively degrade abnormal and certain regulatory...
Lon protease is evolutionarily conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotic organelles. The primary function of Lon is to selectively degrade abnormal and certain regulatory proteins to maintain the homeostasis in vivo. Lon mainly consists of three functional domains and the N-terminal domain is required for the substrate selection and recognition. However, the precise contribution of the N-terminal domain remains elusive. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the N-terminal 192-residue construct of Lon protease from Mycobacterium avium complex at 2.4 å resolution,and measured NMR-relaxation parameters of backbones. This structure consists of two subdomains, the β-strand rich N-terminal subdomain and the five-helix bundle of C-terminal subdomain, connected by a flexible linker,and is similar to the overall structure of the N domain of Escherichia coli Lon even though their sequence identity is only 26%. The obtained NMR-relaxation parameters reveal two stabilized loops involved in the structural packing of the compact N domain and a turn structure formation. The performed homology comparison suggests that structural and sequence variations in the N domain may be closely related to the substrate selectivity of Lon variants. Our results provide the structure and dynamics characterization of a new Lon N domain, and will help to define the precise contribution of the Lon N-terminal domain to the substrate recognition.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Models, Molecular; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Protease La; Protein Domains; Protein Structure, Tertiary
PubMed: 31306520
DOI: 10.1002/pro.3687 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jul 2018Although guidelines recommend amikacin (AMK) inhalation therapy for difficult-to-treat nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD), data are limited regarding the...
Although guidelines recommend amikacin (AMK) inhalation therapy for difficult-to-treat nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD), data are limited regarding the safety and clinical efficacy of this salvage therapy. We retrospectively evaluated the treatment outcomes of 77 patients with refractory NTM-LD caused by complex (MABC) or complex (MAC) who initiated AMK inhalation therapy between February 2015 and June 2016. MABC was the most common etiology ( = 48, 62%), followed by MAC ( = 20, 26%) and mixed infections ( = 9, 12%). Isolates with macrolide resistance and baseline AMK resistance were identified in 63 (82%) patients and 5 (6%) patients, respectively. At 12 months after AMK inhalation therapy, 49% of patients had symptomatic improvement, whereas 42% had radiological improvement. Conversion to a negative sputum culture occurred in 14 (18%) patients, and the culture conversion rate was higher in patients infected with macrolide-susceptible isolates (7/14, 50%) than in those infected with macrolide-resistant isolates (7/63, 11%) ( = 0.003). Significant decreases in sputum semiquantitative culture positivity occurred after AMK inhalation therapy ( < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, conversion to a negative sputum culture was associated with mixed infections ( = 0.009), a forced expiratory volume in 1 s of greater than 60% ( = 0.008), and the absence of macrolide resistance ( = 0.003). Thirty-eight percent of patients experienced adverse effects, with ototoxicity ( = 15) being the most common. AMK inhalation salvage therapy may improve the treatment responses in some patients with refractory NTM-LD. However, considering the common adverse effects, further evaluation of the optimal dosage and intervals for AMK inhalation therapy is needed.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aged; Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Retrospective Studies; Salvage Therapy; Sputum; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29661870
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00011-18 -
PloS One 2015Recent reports indicate that the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial-lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Recent reports indicate that the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial-lung disease (NTM-LD) is increasing. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of NTM-LD patients in Nagasaki prefecture, Japan to identify the negative prognostic factors for NTM-LD in Japan.
METHODS
The medical records of patients newly diagnosed with NTM-LD in eleven hospitals in Nagasaki prefecture between January 2001 and February 2010 were reviewed. Data regarding the annual population of each region and the incidence of all forms of tuberculosis were collected to assess geographic variations in NTM-LD incidence, isolates, and radiological features.
RESULTS
A total 975 patients were diagnosed with NTM-LD. The incidence increased over the study period and reached 11.0 and 10.1 per 100,000 population in 2008 and 2009, respectively. M. intracellulare was the most common pathogen in the southern region, and M. avium most common in other regions. The most common radiographic pattern was the nodular-bronchiectatic pattern. Age >60 years, body mass index <18.5 kg/m2, underlying lung disease, and cavitary pattern were the negative prognostic factors at the 1-year follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of NTM-LD has been increasing in Nagasaki prefecture. The isolates and radiographic features of patients vary markedly by region.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Radiography; Sex Factors
PubMed: 26020948
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128304 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1995A high-performance liquid chromatography method that utilized fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) of mycolic acid 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin esters was developed to identify... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium complex directly from smear-positive sputum specimens and BACTEC 12B cultures by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and computer-driven pattern recognition models.
A high-performance liquid chromatography method that utilized fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) of mycolic acid 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin esters was developed to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and M. avium complex (MAC) directly from fluorochrome stain smear-positive sputum specimens and young BACTEC 12B cultures. HPLC-FL chromatograms from a training set that included 202 smear-positive clinical sputum specimens and 343 mycobacterial cultures were used to construct a calibrated peak-naming table and computer-based pattern recognition models for MTB and MAC. Pattern recognition model performance was measured with an evaluation set of samples that included 251 smear-positive clinical sputum specimens and 167 BACTEC 12B cultures. Evaluation sputum specimens were culture positive for MTB (n = 132) and MAC (n = 48). With evaluation sputa, the MTB and MAC models were 56.8 and 33.3% sensitive, respectively. Evaluation set BACTEC 12B cultures were culture positive for MTB (n = 97) and MAC (n = 53). The sensitivities of the MTB and MAC models for identification of BACTEC 12B cultures were 99.0 and 94.3%, respectively. The specificity of both models was 100% for both types of evaluation samples. The average times from BACTEC 12B inoculation to cell harvest were 10.2 and 7.4 days for MTB and MAC, respectively. HPLC-FL can identify MTB and MAC in 1 day from many smear-positive sputa. Rapid and sensitive identification of MTB and MAC from young BACTEC 12B cultures was achieved.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Computers; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Models, Biological; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycolic Acids; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 7615740
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.5.1270-1277.1995 -
Research in Microbiology 1994
Review
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Cytokines; HIV Envelope Protein gp120; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Monocytes; Mycobacterium avium Complex; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection; Phagocytosis; Virulence
PubMed: 7809477
DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(94)90023-x